Voting in America free essay sample

The numbers are in. All Americans have the right to vote, as soon as they turn the age of eighteen then every single one of them can vote. If youre blind there is brail, if you’re deaf the elections are done on the computer so you can read it. You dont have to have a specific amount of money or own a certain amount of land, men and women can vote and all races can vote. Yet still barely half of all eligible voters show up and cast a ballot at each election. The number does rise when presidential elections come around but it still makes no sense. Men and women sacrificed their lives for us to be able to take a few minutes out of our day and vote. We, the people get to have a say in our government. Foreign countries would literally kill for a chance like that and yet many Americans take advantage of their rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Voting in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What irritates me the most is people will choose not to go and vote and yet they still want to complain about how our government is run. From the minute, that our great legends in history like Thomas Jefferson sat down and came up with a government they included the people fully and made sure the right was there to vote. It took a little longer to initiate voting for all sexes and races but it was a battle we won. How can we not appreciate something we worked so hard for? The topic of this essay is to tell whether voting should be mandatory for each and every person. It would be so easy for me to answer yes to that question; however, doing that would violate our unalienable rights of the constitution. Everyone in America has freedom that cannot be taken away. Forcing people to vote would make us look hypocritical to all the other foreign countries. I believe that even though we should not force each individual to vote we should promote voting even more. People will eventually realize how much voting actually means to the government, and just how much their one vote can change the man who leads our country, or the rate of taxes, or who is elected onto their childs school board. I also believe we need to promote all elections not just the presidential one. Electing the president is a very important election but people also need to realize that the people elected on their school board will make rules for their children, the taxes voted on will affect them, and when electing a governor they will need one to work with them. If people truly knew how much of an impact the other voting had I believe the voting rate would go up noticeably.

ESL Beginning Opposites Lesson Plan

ESL Beginning Opposites Lesson Plan Learning new vocabulary often requires hooks - memory devices that help students remember the words they have learned. Here is a quick, traditional and effective exercise focusing on pairing opposites. The opposites have been divided into beginner, intermediate and advanced level lessons. The exercise can be done as a matching exercise, or, for a greater challenge, students can be asked to come up with the opposites themselves. Both types of exercises are included in the resource section of this lesson. Aim: Improving vocabulary through the use of opposites Activity: Matching opposites Level: Beginner Outline: Divide students into small groups and distribute the opposites worksheet. Ask students to either match the opposites (exercise 1) or write the opposites (exercise 2). If you have more time, you can ask students to first match the opposites and then write out the opposites individually. Alternatively, you could give exercise as follow-up homework. Correct in class. Expand the exercise by asking students to provide synonyms. Exercise 1 - Match the Opposites boyspeakoldrightfarfootsisterwifeblackcoolbuycleansmallwomanbegindrinkfullfatstand upfathershorthardcoldlight big, largebrotherdark, heavydirtyeatemptyendgirlhead, handhothusbandleft, wronglistenlong, tallmanmothernear, closenew, youngsellsit downsoft, easythinwarmwhite Exercise 2 - Fill in the Opposites boyspeakoldrightfarfootsisterwifeblackcoolbuycleansmallwomanbegindrinkfullfatstand upfathershorthardcoldlight Intermediate Level Opposites Advanced Level Opposites Back to lessons resource page

TMA04 B202 Accounting & Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TMA04 B202 Accounting & Finance - Essay Example The name Tesco first appeared above a shop in Edgware in 1929 and since then the company has grown and developed, responding to new opportunities and pioneering in many innovations. By the early 1990s Tesco faced strong competition and needed a new strategy. We were good at buying and selling goods but had begun to forget the customers. Sir Terry Leahy, who became Chief Executive in 1997, asked customers the simple question - what are we doing wrong?". We then invested in the things that matter to customers. For example, we launched our loyalty scheme Clubcard and Tesco.com, our internet home shopping service. Going the extra mile for customers has been key to our growth. We want to make customers lives easier and better in any way we can. We want to appeal to every customer and give them a reason to come back to Tesco. Originally specializing in food and drink, it has diversified into areas such as clothing, consumer electronics, financial services, telecoms, home, health and car insurance, dental plans, retailing and renting DVDs,[4] CDs, music downloads, Internet services and software.(Tesco plc) Among its local competitors most significant ones are Morrisons,Sainsbury and Asda. The following graph shows Tesco’s market shares locally(TESCO MAIN SUBMISSION TO THE COMPETITION COMMISSION (CC) INQUIRY INTO THE UK GROCERY RETAILING) According to TNS World panel Tescos share of the UK grocery market in the 12 weeks to 30 November 2008 was 30.9%, up 4.3% on 12 weeks to 2 December 2007. Across all categories, over  £1 in every  £7 (14.3%) of UK retail sales is spent at Tesco. Tesco also operates overseas, and non-UK revenue for the year to 24 February 2007 was up 18% on 25 February 2006. Wal mart had sales of $287bn ( £160bn) in 2004-5, more than its three closest rivals put together(Deloitte 2006 Global Retailing Powers study). Walmart had put its feet in China.Following suit Tesco aggressively expanded in China, while Wal-Mart plans to hire

Diagnosis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diagnosis - Case Study Example Along with this, there are anorexia and catabolic process of chronic inflammatory process of the disease. All these may combine to cause profound weight loss over a short period of time. 3. Since there is a component of malabsorption, Schilling test may be done to rule out Vit B12 deficiency. Electrolytes to rule out potassium, magnesium, and calcium deficiencies need to be done. Serum albumin would indicate hypoalbuminaemia indicating amino acid malabosrption or protein losing enteropathy. Air-contrast barium enema and CT scan need to be done to better delineate the terminal ileal involvement. Colonoscopic examination with rectal biopsy can yield the histologic nature of the disease. 4. Apart from other general measures like nothing orally, intravenous alimentation, fluid resuscitation, the medical therapy of first choice would have been sulfasalazine. This drug consists of a sulfapyridine moiety chemically bound to 5-aminosalicylate. This undergoes bacterial cleavage, the liberated sulfapyridine is absorbed, and the salicylate component exerts its anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, thus reducing the inflammation. 5. 5. The complications that may arise out of this disease, that is, Crohn's disease are intestinal obstruction; fistula formation with contiguous intestinal lumen or urinary tract; small-bowel or colonic malignancy; bile salt malabsorption leading to increased gall stones; and increased incidence of urinary tract oxalate stones. 6. If there is associated chronic inflammation of the bone marrow, there may be anemia with decrease in the platelet count. The anaemia is variable, so are the red cell indices. Megaloblastic anemia with increased MCV is rare. 7. On the basis of these preliminary tests, the diagnosis would be Crohn's disease. This disease presents in a young adult with variable weight loss, right lower quadrant discomfort or pain, and diarrhoea. The diarrhoea is usually moderate often without gross blood. The patient looked pale due to anaemia, and mouth ulcerations were due to aphthous stomatitis, which is a common accompaniment. The right lower quadrant tenderness is consistent with the mass felt per abdomen that reflected adherent loops of bowel. As expected, the blood picture reflected anaemia and leukocytosis. The final diagnosis is made from the appearance of the distal ileum that showed narrowing and thickening of the intestinal wall. 8. The main risk factor is genetic predisposition to the development of the disease. Whites and Jews have increased incidences, and increased preponderance of disease in monozygotic twins support. Exact genetic linkage yet to be discovered. 9. The other risk factors that may be involved are, immune mechanism suggested by extra-intestinal manifestations, abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity, and psychological factors caused by stress. 10. There is considerable individual variation with respect to drug metabolism, hence effects of the drug. Drug metabolism is related to cytochrome P450 family of genes. In humans, enzymes encoded by P450 genes are located in the liver where they metabolize drugs. Through oxidative metabolism, these enhance water solubility of the drug to enhance its excretion. For drugs that are metabolized in this way, this process affects the blood levels of the compound, so the therapeutic efficacy, and sometimes, this is necessary to

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example A proper integration of functional and cross functional activities on the basis of product flow is also required to further the supply chain efficiency. The answers to the following questions elaborate on these aspects of supply chain management. In the present day business environment firms can enhance their competitive strength by efficiently managing their supply chain. The typical supply chain in any manufacturing firm consists of various firms and agencies taking part in the purchasing, production and distribution functions of the firm. The objective of an effective supply chain management is to ensure that the costs involved in procuring the materials and components, cost of carrying the inventory of various materials and the cost of distributing the products to the end customers are reduced to the maximum extent possible so that the profitability of the company can be improved. In the process of improving the efficiency of the production process techniques like 'just-in-time' manufacturing system helps the firms to achieve the objective of cost reduction and minimization of production time. It is also important that there is an effective information flow between various supply chain partners. With the advanced informa tion and communication technology existing today it becomes easier for the firm to communicate with each other efficiently. This paper discusses some of the relevant aspects of an efficient supply chain management. 1. Critical Evaluation of the Contribution of Just-in-time (JIT) The JIT philosophy advocates the elimination of waste through the process of simplifying the production processes and elimination of piling up of inventories. Also known as 'lean production' JIT is a 'demand-pull' manufacturing system. Under this system each component in a production line is produced immediately as needed by the next step in the production line. In a typical JIT production line manufacturing activity at any particular workstation is prompted by the need for that station's output at the following workstation. In the JIT system demand triggers each step of the production process starting with the customer demand for the finished product at the end of the process and working all the way back to the demand for direct materials at the beginning of the process. In this way the demand pulls an order through the production line. The demand-pull feature of JIT production system achieves close coordination among workstations. The objectives of JIT are to (i) meet customer dema nd in a timely way, (ii) with high-quality products and (iii) at the lowest possible total cost. Contribution

Features and Types of Organisational Structures

Features and Types of Organisational Structures Organisational Structure The organisational structure in any business is important. To survive, all organisations have to be able to accomplish tasks and this requires carrying out certain duties. Structure splits the tasks of the whole organisation into smaller and more practical chunks, and allocates them to sections of the organisation that are held responsible for its completion. It also ensures that all the different sections are coordinated and controlled in a way which it has to achieve something. For example, to distinguish the structure of Jaguar an organisation chart could be used; however this is a very crude representation of the organisation and does not show how the organisation communicates or the flow of work, which may be crucially necessary for it to succeed. I believe that Jaguar’s structure is a Product grouping; mainly because a Product grouping is most often established where an organisation has a number of specific product lines (in this case the different models/makes of vehicles). Usually in this sort of structure each individual section is operated separately giving it a number of advantages. For instance, everything in a certain product line is brought together in the one central area making it easier for communication and coordination. Due to Jaguar’s product development nature, such an advantage is especially relevant as it allows for a specific team to be able to convey information between each other much faster. It is, therefore, easier to understand the information as it is easier to understand the information as it is directly being talked about directly, rather than in a document where visualisation may be required. However a Product grouping also has disadvantages, for example, team members can become to foc used on their own product and lose sight of advances made in other product groups. Again this could pose a problem in an organisation like Jaguar as it could potentially cause disillusionment between product groups by group members choosing to use their own way to achieve objects instead of listening to information from group members out with their product group which could aid them. Centralisation is another key feature in the structure of an organisation. This underlines the locality of decision making in an organisation and through this develops an understanding of the authority and responsibility in the organisation. Everybody in an organisation has responsibility, but when it is used in terms of the structure it refers to those who have a larger effect on the overall managerial aspect. In Jaguar, for instance, it is assumed that the CEO (Commanding Executive Officer) is responsible for the performance of the company; at the next level down would be the marketing director, who would be held responsible for achieving marketing objectives and so on. In centralised structures decision making tends to be retained in the hands of a small number of people at the top of an organisation, while those that are decentralised, decision making authority is delegated. From my point of view I think that Jaguar is a decentralised, as decisions are made at a point closer to operational levels. By being able to make these important decisions closer to the operational aspect of the product groups it makes a decision on the problem at hand quicker to solve, and also develops leadership skills of those lower down in the organisation. It also frees up the top management to devote its attention to long term strategies, which a company like Jaguar has to take into account due to the constant changing market direction and the type of customer who is attracted to its products. Formalisation reflects the extent to which the formal rules and procedures govern activities in an organisation and, in particular whether the nature of the work is prescribed in rules that specify what shall be done and often how it will be done, rules and procedures can be implicit as well as explicit, and can be used to either prescribe what should be done or proscribe what is forbidden. To some extent increased formalisation is a function of organisational size. Once an organisation grows beyond a certain point it becomes almost impossible to rely on interactions used to control and coordinate a smaller company. For a larger company, such as Jaguar, there tends to be more specialists higher up in the hierarchy allowing it to focus more on the long term strategic issues. Thus procedures and rules become the main way of controlling activities and introducing a degree of predictability into the organisation (Mintzberg 1979). This is a large disadvantage for the smaller product group s within Jaguar as it means there is a larger degree of predictability into their activities as well as a large distance between the groups and the management level. Organisational culture is used to try and describe the experiences of people within the organisation. It usually describes their beliefs, habits, manners, self-image and they way tasks are undertaken. To current employees the culture within their organisation will go unnoticed. The culture within the organisation is important as it key to the company functioning at its best as well as developing leadership throughout the company. A key role for the culture of an organisation is to differentiate its own specialised culture from another organisation. From my point of view, I think that Jaguar has a Task culture. This is because the management could be seen as having a series of problems to be solved. For example, Jaguar may have to make new car models to keep up with new advances in car safety and new legal regulations, which would require a team to be formed and to deal with the problem. However this has a slight disadvantage in that the teams can become easily bored with predictability and repetitive tasks. To be successful a business must continually modify to its competitive background. There are certain central ideals which stay steady and provide a sense of direction in the decision making process. These unchanging ideals form the company vision and help in identifying the company’s mission. The mission conveys the belief s and objectives (vision for future), which is made up of three main elements: Values Purpose Objectives (Vision) The values and purpose together create the beliefs of the company and usually remain the same in the long term. The values central to a company are limited to a small number (usually no more than five). They reflect the principles of the organisation as a whole. One way to identify a value would be to see if it would stay the same if the organisations situation changed. It would be counted as a value if it did stay the same. Also, if the organisation changed into a different industry, the values that were carried over would be the central values. For instance, a central value that I believe Jaguar employs is innovation. Now, as unlikely as it may seem, if Jaguar was to change its market area and this key value was no longer an advantageous aspect of the company then it would be detrimental to the company. But if Jaguar were to change its market then I should change to one where its value of innovation would aid in Jaguar’s success. The purpose is the reason that the company exists. It is shown through the company’s mission. Similar to the company values, the purpose of the company is relatively unchanging and lasts for long periods of time. This purpose is what sets the organisation apart from similar organisations. Since the main priority of a company is to turn over a profit, however this should not be part of the company’s main mission as it does not offer a suitable path for employees to follow. For example, one of Jaguar’s purposes would be to provide excellent customer service when dealing with potential clients. This would be especially important to the management of the company as it would show how the whole company treats individuals and would also influence employees on how to treat others – not just with clients. Both the purpose and values are not directly selected but are exposed. The beliefs of the company should not be goal orientated but instead, it should reveal the company as it is The objectives (or vision) are what the higher management (such as the CEO of the company) decide to try and achieve. The vision dictates an objective that the company will set as a long term goal. This contradicts the central beliefs of the company as the vision is directly chosen. Due to the vision being long term goals, they are much more demanding than other goals. The organisation has to realise that there is a reduced chance of successfully achieving the vision, but to initially begin to compete these goals the company must believe the vision can be achieved. The goals should be challenging enough that it motivates staff into increasing efforts to reach them. The majority of visionary goals come under four main categories: Target – e.g. sales targets Common Enemy – e.g. overtaking rival companies in the market Role Model – e.g. to emulate companies of a similar type Internal Transformation – e.g. becoming number one company in the market Even though a company’s vision may take a large amount of effort to achieve, most companies that have employed a long term vision have become very successful. But once the goal has been achieved, a company which would like to continue its success usually employs a new vision to keep the organisation motivated. For instance, a long term vision that could be employed, especially for a car company such as Jaguar, would be to reduce the carbon footprint of the company. This would be seen as a long term goal as it would take a long amount of time to successfully convert from fossil fuels to renewable energy as well as to research new way in which to power cars cost effectively.

Stereotyping :: Psychology Stereotyping Stereotype Essays

Stereotyping Stereotyping is a form of pre judgement that is as prevalent in today's society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that categorisation is an essential cognitive process that inevitably leads to stereotyping. Hamilton (1979) calls this a 'depressing dilemma'. Brown's (1995) definition of stereotyping through prejudice is the 'holding of derogatory social attitudes or cognitive beliefs, the expression of negative affect, or the display of hostile or discriminatory behaviour towards members of a group on account of their membership to that group'. This definition implies that stereotyping is primarily a group process, through the individuals psyche's within that group. A further idea of stereotyping, defined by Allport (1954) as 'thinking ill of others without warrant', is that people 'make their mind up' without any personal experience. This pre judgement about a whole group is then transferred to the stigmatisation of any individuals in that group. It is these ideas that the essay aims to evaluate, through the cognitive process of categorisation and the above definitions that bring about three distinct features of stereotyping, that our cognition can be demonstrated through. The first characteristic of stereotyping is over-generalisation. A number of studies conducted found that different combinations of traits were associated with groups of different ethnic and national origin (Katz and Braly, 1933). However, stereotyping does not imply that all members of a group are judged in these ways, just that a typical member of a group can be categorised in such judgements, that they possess the characteristics of the group. Still, when we talk of a group, we do so by imagining a member of that group. The second feature and characteristic of stereotyping is the exaggeration of the difference between ones own group (the in-group) and the 'other' group (the out-group). This can be traced back to the work of Tajfel during the 1950's - 'the accentuation principle' (Tajfel, 1981). Tajfel's work was specifically on physical stimuli, and concluded that judgements on such stimuli are not made in isolation, but in the context of other factors. Applied socially - a judgement about an out-group relies upon other factors surrounding the judgement in question, as well as making a statement about the in-group and the relationship between the two groups.